This was not a trivial exercise as noted by Arthur A. Inman built a prototype fluorescent lamp in 1934 at General Electric’s Nela Park (Ohio) engineering laboratory. Stimulated by this report, and with all of the key elements available, a team led by George E. in Great Britain (unrelated to General Electric in the United States). In 1934, Arthur Compton, a renowned physicist and GE consultant, reported to the GE lamp department on successful experiments with fluorescent lighting at General Electric Co., Ltd. In 1910, Georges Claude introduced the first neon light, paving the way for neon signs which would become ubiquitous in advertising. This innovation became a standard for incandescent bulbs for many years. Coolidge, who applied for a patent in 1912. The turn of the century saw further improvements in bulb longevity and efficiency, notably with the introduction of the tungsten filament by William D. The first home to be lit by an electric light was Underhill, the home of Joseph Swan, around 1880. While the ability of wires to illuminate when supplied with current was first discovered during the Enlightenment, it took more than a century of continuous and incremental improvement, including numerous designs, patents, and resulting intellectual property disputes, until incandescent light bulbs became commercially available in the 1920s. By the early twentieth century these had completely replaced arc lamps. This rivalry eventually led to a merger, forming the Edison and Swan Electric Light Company. The late 1870s and 1880s were marked by intense competition and innovation, with inventors like Joseph Swan in the UK and Thomas Edison in the US independently developing functional incandescent lamps. Although it was an efficient design, the cost of the platinum made it impractical for commercial use. The design was based on the concept that the high melting point of platinum would allow it to operate at high temperatures and that the evacuated chamber would contain fewer gas molecules to react with the platinum, improving its longevity. In 1840, Warren de la Rue enclosed a platinum coil in a vacuum tube and passed an electric current through it, thus creating one of the world's first electric light bulbs. Vasily Vladimirovich Petrov developed the first persistent electric arc in 1802, and English chemist Humphry Davy gave a practical demonstration of an arc light in 1806. Battery-powered light is often reserved for when and where stationary lights fail, often in the form of flashlights or electric lanterns, as well as in vehicles.īefore electric lighting became common in the early 20th century, people used candles, gas lights, oil lamps, and fires. Most modern electric lighting is powered by centrally generated electric power, but lighting may also be powered by mobile or standby electric generators or battery systems. Modern electric light sources come in a profusion of types and sizes adapted to many applications. The energy efficiency of electric lighting has increased radically since the first demonstration of arc lamps and the incandescent light bulb of the 19th century. The three main categories of electric lights are incandescent lamps, which produce light by a filament heated white-hot by electric current, gas-discharge lamps, which produce light by means of an electric arc through a gas, such as fluorescent lamps, and LED lamps, which produce light by a flow of electrons across a band gap in a semiconductor. The electrical connection to the socket may be made with a screw-thread base, two metal pins, two metal caps or a bayonet mount. Lamps usually have a base made of ceramic, metal, glass, or plastic, which secures the lamp in the socket of a light fixture, which is often called a "lamp" as well. It is the most common form of artificial lighting. Incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps,ġ809 214 years ago ( 1809) by Humphry Davy ( arc lamp)ġ879 144 years ago ( 1879) by Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison (first demo of incandescent bulb)Īn electric light, lamp, or light bulb is an electrical component that produces light.
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